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Differences between Chinese and Japanese Architecture? Modern and Traditional?

Could ya help me with my Japanese architecture project? ? I need to make a caboard model of a building from each of these periods: # 1 Prehistoric period (Jomon, Yayoi, and prior cultures) # 2 Asuka and Nara architecture # 3 Heian period # 4 Kamakura and Muromachi period # 5 Azuchi-Momoyama period # 6 Edo period # 7 Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa periods # 8 Modern architecture I need something easy-ish to build, or just one story tall from each period. Something average of the time preferably. Thank you! ;)

books on japanese architecture? Hello! Im looking for books on Japanese architecture. The areas Id like are modern, contemporary, and artistic within the cities, countryside, and island-country and combinations. Books I have found so far are Japan Modern and "Eat. Work. Shop. New Japanese Design". Thanks for any help. Thanks Emma but Im really looking for photo books on the architecture. Not exactly instructional. And Jonny. Seriously? If the library had these books I wouldnt be asking. And Im looking to buy not rent.

See inside a modern Japanese home? Kind of an odd question, but I've been curious about this for awhile. Does anyone know of a site where you can get a virtual tour or see a lot of pictures from inside a Japanese home? I'm really into architecture so floor plans would be cool as well. It's just that, aside from anime, I have no idea what a Japanese home looks like. I was curious as to how modern (western) they could look in this day and how traditional some look. Also, and mostly what the differences inside would be between a modest living family and perhaps a richer one? I've tried searching through google to not much avail. I suppose I'm not that resourceful. Anything would be cool, personal pictures, sites with pictures or even detailed accounts of how it is inside would all be very much appreciated.

Japanese architecture popularity in west because promotes harmony with nature? I am writing a research paper for an Asian art class and have had a hard time finding core studies or books that can help strengthen my argument. I am approaching this paper from an anthropological view-point by stating that Japanese architecture is popular because it promotes a long-lost value in the west pertaining to harmony with nature. The culture and lifestyle of the modern human encompasses grids of cement and small areas where one is to remain in order to complete a specific task. Traditional Japanese architecture promotes open spaces, versatility of space, and congruence with the surroundings. These elements are from the East and based on culture and religion of those countries (Japan primarily, but Korea as well and earlier China), not European culture. My point is that in the 1960s when Japanese architecture first became popular, it was a time of revolution and of reconnecting with nature. Then again in the late 90s / early 00s, after the dot coms burst, the complexity of the system had us searching for harmony with the surroundings and ourselves; which Japanese architecture promotes.... I'm sounding like a broken record now. I have heard many arguments about the unfulfilled need to be in harmony with nature that the modern human has, but I have found little written work that I can use as a source. I would appreciate any sources, be it from an architectural point-of-view, psychological, sociological, behavioural biology, or anthropological point-of-view. I was hoping to use Yi-Fu Tuan's "Place and Space" as the core for my paper, but I haven't found the book anywhere (and it's too late and not worth the money to order online at this point). I would really appreciate it if someone could point me towards sources that will give me some tangible information pertaining to my thesis.

Japanese architecture popularity in west because of connection to nature it promotes? I am writing a research paper for an Asian art class and have had a hard time finding core studies or books that can help strengthen my argument. I am approaching this paper from an anthropological view-point by stating that Japanese architecture is popular because it promotes a long-lost value in the west pertaining to harmony with nature. The culture and lifestyle of the modern human encompasses grids of cement and small areas where one is to remain in order to complete a specific task. Traditional Japanese architecture promotes open spaces, versatility of space, and congruence with the surroundings. These elements are from the East and based on culture and religion of those countries (Japan primarily, but Korea as well and earlier China), not European culture. My point is that in the 1960s when Japanese architecture first became popular, it was a time of revolution and of reconnecting with nature. Then again in the late 90s / early 00s, after the dot coms burst, the complexity of the system had us searching for harmony with the surroundings and ourselves; which Japanese architecture promotes.... I'm sounding like a broken record now. I have heard many arguments about the unfulfilled need to be in harmony with nature that the modern human has, but I have found little written work that I can use as a source. I would appreciate any sources, be it from an architectural point-of-view, psychological, sociological, behavioural biology, or anthropological point-of-view. I was hoping to use Yi-Fu Tuan's "Place and Space" as the core for my paper, but I haven't found the book anywhere (and it's too late and not worth the money to order online at this point). I would really appreciate it if someone could point me towards sources that will give me some tangible information pertaining to my thesis. Thank you.

Which of these Japanese cities has the best architecture?? TOKYO, OSAKA, YOKOHAMA, KOBE, NAGOYA? Which city do you think has the best architecture in terms of modern building designs. There are some very great buildings in Japan but which would you say has the best designed buildings. I think the national art centre in tokyo looks very cool. http://www.artknowledgenews.com/files2007/TheNationalArtCenterTokyo.jpg

where can i find a schematic of a traditional japanese house? im studying architecture and im intrested in the layout of a traditional japanese house. also if you could find it could you also post one of a semi modern house. i heard japanese houses are build in the feng shui style (the REAL feng shui, not the "get a cat statue"one) i would be really grateful if anyone could find something

What is your favourite style of Architecture? OR, in a different context, what style of house would you prefer to live in, if you could choose? For example... modern, gothic, traditional japanese...

What type of house is these? I am VERY interested in japanese style houses. I like it when they are extremely sleek, but also traditional. http://www.nhit-shis.org/wp-content/uploads/homedesign/2010/04/Margarido-House-01-Contemporary-House-Designs.jpg http://www.greatfa.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Modern-Architecture-of-Rural-Japanese-House.jpg (Also, how much do you say it would cost to make these in America?)

Japanese quiz help?? i have a quiz on japan in a couple of weeks the topics are Physical geography History The Japanese people and culture Growth and development of languages and literature Artistic endeauvour, including visual, performing and cinematic arts Business and economy Japense contribution to science and technology Sporting achievements Japanese cuisine Folk and traditional arts and crafts Architecture from ancient times to modern can someone please suggest a good place to get this info apart from wiki etc?

Can someone translate into Japanese? I need to write something in Japanese and I'm not sure if I'm using right words and if grammar is correct. Can someone please write this in Japanese. It would be nice if you wrote it in just hiragana, and then again in proper way involving Kanji. I won't be able to read if only Kanji so Hiragana most important. "the French president loved Japan and brought a lot of French culture to it." "The architecture of the city is very modern, but there are also a lot of beautiful gardens." "Even though Japan is very Americanized, most Japanese people do not speak English." "Tokyo is very clean, efficient and safe" "It is very crowded in the afternoon" "Japanese people like to smoke and there are cigarette machines everywhere." "I visited the Tsukiji Fish market and then I went to a summo tournament." "Also, I went to Asakusa and bought souvenirs." "Kyoto is beautiful and peaceful" I know it doesn’t go together well but that’s because I left out stuff that I know how to write. Feel free to change the sentences a bit of they sound better a different way, just make them simple, it’s not supposed to be advanced Japanese. Thank you so much in advance. 10 Stars to whoever can help me. Take care!

Art History help !!!!!!? 1.The monks who lived in remote regions of Japan and were self sufficient, using simple tasks such as sewing to meditate, were practicing what is known as Zen Buddhism. True False 2.In Japanese early architecture, a shrine built in the Shinto fashion is dedicated to the sun goddess, who is said to be the progenitor of the imperial family. True False 3. Some Japanese pottery, recently dated by modern scientific methods, proves that these pieces were made earlier than 10,000 BCE, making them the oldest pieces now known. True False 4. A hanging scroll, called a mantra, assisted those who wanted to learn all the different gods, which were depicted on it, and their interrelationships in the Buddhist tradition. True False 5.The enormous Olmec stone heads, found in La Venta, Mexico and other population centers, are thought to represent ancient gods. True False 6.The Moche culture of the Peruvian mountains are credited with the development of the first calendar system for the purpose of recording historical events. True False

How to choose which country to go on exchange to? I can't decide between Japan and Mexico. Please don't recommend other countries. I've wanted to go to Japan since I was eleven. I love the mix between traditional asian architecture and modern appeal. I love their fashion, media, culture, and language. I think going to Japan would be an adventure. The problem? I don't know much Japanese at all. Reasons to go to Mexico? I know a LOT of Spanish. I also think it would be cool to know the native language while going on vacation to Spanish-speaking Caribbean areas. So all in all, I want to go to Japan more. I'm just worried about the language barrier. Also, how much Japanese do you estimate I'd know by the end of the exchange?

Homework help! Art Appreciation? 1. What is the quality of the site upon which the Parthenon was built that underlines the ancient-Greek belief that such a building speaks of human intellect, separate and above earthly concerns? A. It’s a hill above the city. B. It has direct access to the sea. C. It’s the site on which Athena was born. D. It’s the oldest district of Athens. 2. Why did colonial American builders use clapboards to enclose the sides of their dwellings? A. Convenience of raw material B. Aesthetic preference C. Symbolic associations D. Echoing architecture of the past 3. Wood engravings such as those created by Gustave Doré for Samuel Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are good examples of A. relief prints. C. etchings. B. intaglio prints. D. lithographs. 4. Like the decorative arts and design, architecture is meant to be useful. Like sculpture, architecture A. must be seen from multiple perspectives to be appreciated. B. is generally thought to be less “pure” than the decorative arts. C. is usually thought to be as “pure” as painting. D. is most successful when it’s two dimensional. 5. If you were to spend a week in Athens visiting the major architectural achievements of the ancient Greeks, which type of column would you see the least number of during your stay there? A. Ionic C. Doric B. Corinthian D. Capital 6. Which of the following decorative arts and crafts was regarded as one of the highest forms of art in the twelfth century by the Chinese? A. Ceramics C. Tapestry B. Stained glass D. Quilting 7. Which of the following is not a concern of the Tibetan monks from the Drepung Loseling Monastery who, during a eight-day empowerment ritual, create a sand mandala? A. The pattern of the mandala B. The process of artistic creation C. The use to which the finished work is put D. The preservation of the completed work 8. Modern Chinese and Japanese artists model the centuries-old brush techniques after those of A. Wu Chen. C. Maya Ying Lin. B. Zhan Wang. D. Daguerre. 9. Spirited Away, Astro Boy, and Princess Mononoke are classic examples of what artistic form? A. Hokusai C. Digital video B. Pixar D. Anime 10. If Gianlorenzo Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne were to be moved from the Galleria Borghese in Rome where it now stands into the Ufizzi Gallery, the most ideal place to install it would be A. anywhere in a gallery, provided it was with other sixteenth-century marble statues. B. on the west wall of a gallery with other Renaissance marbles. C. on the east wall of a gallery with other Renaissance marbles. D. in the center of a gallery. 11. How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare is an example of A. mixed-media installation. B. environmental art. C. performance art. D. earth art. 12. Modeling a flexible material like clay is a/an _______ type of sculptural method. A. subtractive C. casting B. additive D. lost wax 13. Which of the following sequences of architectural features is in the correct chronological order of development? A. Frame construction, barrel vault, groin vault B. Post and lintel construction, groin vault, pointed arch C. Pointed arch, steel frame construction, frame construction D. Pointed arch, barrel vault, cast-iron construction 14. It wouldn’t have been possible to build a building such as London’s Crystal Palace in the eighteenth century because A. appropriate glass-making techniques were not yet known. B. advanced structural construction methods were unknown. C. iron hadn’t yet been developed as a building material. D. innovative building techniques weren’t encouraged before 1850. 15. _______ is known as the “Queen of the Arts.” A. Architecture C. Painting B. Sculpture D. Music 16. In addition to being an artist, every architect must also understand the principles of A. anatomy. C. hydraulics. B. engineering. D. sociology. 17. Which of the following categories of sculpture was not introduced in the twentieth century? A. Kinetic sculpture C. Earth art B. Performance art D. Installation 18. In which of the following buildings are there no arches? A. Nave of Sainte-Madeleine C. Taos Pueblo B. Amiens Cathedral D. Temple of Athena Nike 19. The interiors of Victor Horta are examples of A. Art Nouveau. B. the Rococo period. C. eighteenth-century design techniques. D. twentieth-century decorative skills. 20. Which of the following artists was not involved in the creation of Saint Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican? A. Michelangelo C. Carlo Maderno B. Giacomo della Porta D. Leonardo da Vinci These are questions I don't understand.

Do you agree that France and Japan are the most beautiful country in the world ? I want to knew what do you think about France and Japan France is a country with only 64 millions, inh. but in 2009 it's the 5 country the most rich in the world. the Life expectancy is one of the most high I love french language I love french movies I love french Foods I love go to France (Holiday) I love french health care system (according to many source it's the best and most equal in the world) I love French mentality I love french history I love french music I love french women I love french social model I love French way of life I love the french atitude in the world "always independent'' I don't think they are arrogant, but when France say NO, it's NO ( war in iraq...) I love french landscape especelly the south of france I love France because it's a ''liberal'' country, don't ask about religion, God, Abortion... as the USA.. I love France it's a country of freedom, democracy and human righ.. I love climate in france I love french quality of life. I love ''fashion'' made in france I love french's architecture......etc.... I love so much Japan too I love Japanese language I love write Kanji ''chinese caracter'' I love Japanese foods I love Japanese mentality I love Japanese manga, and comics I love the Japanese way of life I love martial art I love many japanese song I love Japanese culture, history.. I love japanese landscape I love Japanese people who are always Polite I love Japan it's modern country i love japanese innovation and technoloh$gies I love Japanese dramas I love japanese women,french women too I like the japanese men who are the most time really ''fashion.'' I love this country because the criminality rate is one of the most low in the world. I love watch ''sumo'' Japanese traditional sport I love this mix between modern, and tradition in the japanese society. Japan is the 2de country the most rich in the world, France 5th. I love Paris and Tokyo to muchhhhhhhhhhh I have visited many countries.. but no doubt France and Japan are the best so what do you think about my opinion.. do you agree with me ?? What do you think about the best country for you and why ? and please don't write, you native country .... put you nationality.. thanks PS : Of course they don't have a paradise in this world....

These are all the majors i have to chose from, which one will get me a career making cartoons? (cartoonnetwo )? I wanted to major in animation...but my school doesn't have it. I chose this school because of scholarship. Would a combination of fine arts and something like media studies or advertising help me get a job creating cartoons? I like everything about it:the drawing, the scripts, the storyboards, managing it all at the same time. And I'm a decent artist as it is. There is always room for improvement, but i wouldn't be starting at square one. I want to take something that would get me picked as an intern for adult swim, cartoonnetwork, Nick, pixar...something like that. Majors & Minors Advertising African Studies African-American Studies Anthropology Art + Architecture • Architecture and Community Design • Art History/Art Management • Fine Arts • Design Asian Studies Asian-American Studies Biology Catholic Studies & Social Thought Chemistry Chican@ Latin@ Studies Child and Youth Studies Classical Studies Communication Studies Comparative Literature and Culture Computer Science Economics Education, Dual Degree in Teacher Prep. English Environmental Science Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies European Studies Exercise and Sport Science Gender and Sexualities Studies Health Studies History International Studies Jewish Studies & Social Justice Latin American Studies Legal Studies Mathematics Media Studies Middle Eastern Studies Military Science Modern and Classical Languages French Studies Japanese Studies Spanish Natural Science Neuroscience Peace and Justice Studies Performing Arts Philippines Studies Philosophy Physics and Astronomy Politics Psychology Public Service Rhetoric and Composition Sociology Theology and Religious Studies

TODAY`S NEWS>>>>>>>>CLICK IT? Digital cloud plan for city skies By Jonathan Fildes Technology reporter, BBC News The inflatable elements of the building would sit on top of thin, lightweight towers A giant "digital cloud" that would "float" above London's skyline has been outlined by an international team of architects, artists and engineers. The construction would include 120m- (400ft-) tall mesh towers and a series of interconnected plastic bubbles that can be used to display images and data. The Cloud, as it is known, would also be used an observation deck and park. The unconventional structure was originally envisaged as a centre piece of the city's Olympic village. The building draws inspiration from the work of Tomas Saraceno Its designers plan to raise the funds to build it by asking for micro-donations from millions of people. "It's really about people coming together to raise the Cloud," Carlo Ratti, one of the architects behind the design from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) told BBC News. "We can build our Cloud with £5m or £50m. The flexibility of the structural system will allow us to tune the size of the Cloud to the level of funding that is reached." The size of the structure will evolve depending on the number of contributions, he said. Paola Antonelli, senior curator of architecture and design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York who has seen the design described it as a "sculptural spectacle" and "a celebration of technology". 'Data streams' The Cloud was shortlisted in a competition set-up by London Mayor Boris Johnson. The mayor has committed to build a tourist attraction in the Olympic Park "with a legacy for the east end [of London]". Other finalists are thought to include the former Turner prize winner Anish Kapoor and Antony Gormley, the designer of the Angel of the North. The mayor is still in the "process of deciding" which design will be commissioned, according to a spokesperson. However, the team, which also includes the writer Umberto Eco and engineers from Arup, has decided to push ahead and publish details of its design. The structure draws on work by artist Tomas Saraceno, a German-based designer who has previously shown off huge inflatable sculptures. It is envisaged that the spheres would be made of a plastic known as Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), the material used to build the Beijing Aquatic Centre. The different spheres would act as structural elements, habitable spaces, decoration and LCD screens on which data could be projected. "We could provide a custom feed of… searches made by Londoners during the Olympics to give a real time 'barometer' of the city's interests and mood," said Google, one of the supporters of the project, which has also offered to provide the information feeds. The team also envisage projecting weather information, spectator numbers, race results or even images of the Olympic Torch on to the building. Ramps, stairs and lifts would carry people to the top of the structure to look out over the city. 'Zero power' The inflatable elements of the building would sit on top of slender, lightweight towers, stabilised by a net of metal cables. Damping technology, similar to that used in Japanese skyscrapers to resist earthquakes, would prevent the towers being buffeted by the wind. The Killesberg Tower in Germany is built using similar principles "Many tall towers have preceded this, but our achievement is the high degree of transparency, the minimal use of material and the vast volume created by the spheres," said professor Joerg Schleich, the structural engineer behind the towers. Professor Schleich was responsible for the Olympic Stadium in Munich as well as numerous lightweight towers built to the same design as the Cloud. The structure would also be used to harvest all the energy it produces according to Professor Ratti. "It would be a zero power cloud," he said. As well as solar cells on the ground and inside some of the spheres, the lifts would use regenerative braking, similar to that in some hybrid cars. That way, the designers say, potential energy from visitors to the top of the tower can be harnessed into useful electricity. The team have launched a fundraising website called raisethecloud.org and are now looking for a site for the tower. Google has already offered to provide free advertising for the so-called "cloud-raising" effort. The firm has offered a sponsored link at the top of the page advertising a "£1 for 1 pixel" concept to people who search for terms relevant to London 2012. "It will be a monument to crowd-sourcing," said Professor Ratti.

Who knows about Japan? I know this is very long and extensive, but I would appreciate any and all answers from well informed people. If you live in or have lived in Japan I would REALLY appreciate it if you could take the time to help me out. I'm writing a paper for English class on Japan and would like to obtain as much information as possible. Thanks!! 1.How much Japanese can you speak? Are you fluent? Can you hold a conversation? 2.Can you read and/or write it? 3.What are some of your favourite Japanese words or phrases? What do they mean? 4.Have you lived there or been there? For how long? 5.What areas and places have you been to or are familiar with? 6.What is the weather like? 7.Explain the differences and similarities between rural and urban areas, including the aspects of: Industry, architecture, transportation, people’s appearances, attitudes, dress, schools, churches, shopping centers, customs, food, art, music, and anything else you can think of. 8.What are the most commonly found religions in Japan? What can you tell me about them? How do they affect daily life for people? Describe any customs/foods/holidays/festivals that go along with them. 9.How is the government run? What are the names, positions, and job descriptions of important people? 10.How much control does the government have over the people, daily life, the market, the economy, industry, religious practices, and entertainment? How extensive is censorship of books/internet/music etc.? 11.Are there any laws or rules that are a 180 of those in America? Are there any that Americans would find crazy or unethical? 12.Is abortion legal there? Is marijuana? Gay marriage? 13.What are the most common forms of entertainment? 14.What kinds of music are most popular among the different age groups? 15.“” movies “”? 16.“” books “”? 17.“” TV shows “”? 18.“” anime “”? 19.“” manga “”? 20.“” sports “”? 21.“” toys “”? 22.“” luxury items “”? 23.Are celebrities idolized like they are in America? Do they make as much money for whatever it is they do? (sports stars, movie stars etc.) 24.What are classic dishes? Drinks? (both alcoholic and non alcoholic) Snacks? Fast food chains? 25.What are your favourite? How do the old compare to the new? What would be considered classy and what would be considered cheap? 26.What is the general attitude towards the war in Iraq? 27.How are Americans perceived there? Other foreigners? 28.Is the traditionalism and honour we see on TV still prevalent in modern Japan? Has it died out? Where can you find it? 29.Explain a typical home life in Japan. 30.How do families interact? 31.What kinds of pets are kept? 32.What kind of activities to people from various age groups participate in during their free time? 33.Describe an average daily schedule for different age groups from different areas. 34.Are there any stereotypes you would like to speak out against? 35.Are people aggressive there? Is there as much crime and violence? Is there a wish for world peace? How is war viewed? Nuclear weapons? 36.Do the Japanese see themselves as superior to other countries? 37.How are schools run? What kinds of classes are offered at public and private schools? Colleges? What languages are taught? 38. Is there anything else you would like to add? Random facts or stories?

What B.A subjects would you take if you were me? I know exactly what what kind of lifestyle I'd like, but I'm not too sure how to obtain it. I want to busy all the time. I want to be decently paid and working in a city. I'm okay with long hours so long as I'm not self employed. I want a degree that can help lead me into that lifestyle, but doesn't work me so hard that i don't have time to draw and write - my two real passions (although I do not want a job where I have to draw, and I do not want to study English or literature). I don't want to be a journalist, and I've already ruled out law and architecture. A BA majoring in Philosophy and minoring in Art History is most appealing, but probably won't help me into the lifestyle I want. I'm considering politics and japanese, but I'm not too sure what kind of jobs I could get with them, either. All the personality tests i've completed say i should go into law or administration, but the amount of study lawyers have to do doesn't appeal to me, and I'm not too sure if I could handle the responsibility of being an administrator. My skills include debating and arguing, critical thinking, writing (essay and creative), and I'm a fast learner if given proper instructions. I prefer being told what to do than making decisions myself. I'm decent at science and maths, but they're not my favorite subjects. I know I want to go to university to do a Bachelor of Arts, but I just can't decide what subjects would be best for me. This is what I have to choose from: Ancient History | Anthropology | Art History | Asian Studies | Chinese | Classical Studies | Criminology | Dance* | Drama | Economics | Education | Employment Relations and Organisation Studies | English | English Language Acquisition and Linguistics | Ethics | Ethnomusicology* | European Studies | Film, Television and Media Studies | French | Geography | German | Greek (Ancient) | History | Italian | Japanese | Korean | Latin | Latin American Studies* | Linguistics | Linguistics and English Language Teaching | Logic and Computation | Māori Studies | Mathematics | Medieval and Early Modern European Studies* | Music | Music Education* | Pacific Studies | Philosophy | Political Studies | Psychology | Samoan* | Social Science for Public Health | Sociology | Spanish | Statistics | Tongan* | Women's Studies | Writing Studies *Minor only If you were in my position, what subject(s) would you take, and why?

can any body summarise this for me please? please need help [edit] Memory management Current computer architectures arrange the computer's system in a hierarchical manner, starting from the fastest registers, CPU cache, random access memory and disk storage. An operating system's disk manager coordinates the use of these various types of memory by tracking which one is available, which is to be allocated or deallocated and how to move data between them. This activity, usually referred to as virtual memory management, increases the amount of memory available for each process by making the disk storage seem like main memory. There is a speed penalty associated with using disks or other slower storage as memory – if running processes require significantly more RAM than is available, the system may start thrashing. This can happen either because one process requires a large amount of RAM or because two or more processes compete for a larger amount of memory than is available. This then leads to constant transfer of each process's data to slower storage. Another important part of memory management is managing virtual addresses. If multiple processes are in memory at once, they must be prevented from interfering with each other's memory (unless there is an explicit request to utilise shared memory). This is achieved by having separate address spaces. Each process sees the whole virtual address space, typically from address 0 up to the maximum size of virtual memory, as uniquely assigned to it. The operating system maintains a page table that match virtual addresses to physical addresses. These memory allocations are tracked so that when a process terminates, all memory used by that process can be made available for other processes. The operating system can also write inactive memory pages to secondary storage. This process is called "paging" or "swapping" – the terminology varies between operating systems. It is also typical for operating systems to employ otherwise unused physical memory as a page cache; requests for data from a slower device can be retained in memory to improve performance. The operating system can also pre-load the in-memory cache with data that may be requested by the user in the near future; SuperFetch is an example of this. [edit] Disk and file systems Generally, operating systems include support for file systems. Modern file systems comprise a hierarchy of directories. While the idea is conceptually similar across all general-purpose file systems, some differences in implementation exist. Two noticeable examples of this are the character used to separate directories, and case sensitivity. Unix demarcates its path components with a slash (/), a convention followed by operating systems that emulated it or at least its concept of hierarchical directories, such as Linux, Amiga OS and Mac OS X. MS-DOS also emulated this feature, but had already also adopted the CP/M convention of using slashes for additional options to commands, so instead used the backslash (\) as its component separator. Microsoft Windows continues with this convention; Japanese editions of Windows use ¥, and Korean editions use ₩.[1] Prior to Mac OS X, versions of Mac OS use a colon (:) for a path separator. RISC OS uses a period (.). Unix and Unix-like operating systems allow for any character in file names other than the slash and NUL characters (including line feed (LF) and other control characters). Unix file names are case sensitive, which allows multiple files to be created with names that differ only in case. By contrast, Microsoft Windows file names are not case sensitive by default. Windows also has a larger set of punctuation characters that are not allowed in file names. File systems may provide journaling, which provides safe recovery in the event of a system crash. A journaled file system writes information twice: first to the journal, which is a log of file system operations, then to its proper place in the ordinary file system. In the event of a crash, the system can recover to a consistent state by replaying a portion of the journal. In contrast, non-journaled file systems typically need to be examined in their entirety by a utility such as fsck or chkdsk. Soft updates is an alternative to journalling that avoids the redundant writes by carefully ordering the update operations. Log-structured file systems and ZFS also differ from traditional journaled file systems in that they avoid inconsistencies by always writing new copies of the data, eschewing in-place updates. Many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, Reiser4, GFS, GFS2, OCFS, OCFS2, and NILFS. Linux also has full support for XFS and JFS, along with the FAT file systems, and NTFS. Microsoft Windows includes support for FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS. The NTFS file system is the most efficient and reliable of the four Windows file systems, and as of Windows Vista, is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0 introduced ExFAT, a file system suitable for flash drives. Mac OS X supports HFS+ with journaling as its primary file system. It is derived from the Hierarchical File System of the earlier Mac OS. Mac OS X has facilities to read and write FAT16, FAT32, NTFS and other file systems, but cannot be installed to them. Common to all these (and other) operating systems is support for file systems typically found on removable media. FAT12 is the file system most commonly found on floppy discs. ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format are two common formats that target Compact Discs and DVDs, respectively. Mount Rainier is a newer extension to UDF supported by Linux 2.6 kernels and Windows Vista that facilitates rewriting to DVDs in the same fashion as has been possible with floppy disks. answer this and get free 10 points

Could ya help me with my Japanese architecture project? ? I need to make a caboard model of a building from each of these periods: # 1 Prehistoric period (Jomon, Yayoi, and prior cultures) # 2 Asuka and Nara architecture # 3 Heian period # 4 Kamakura and Muromachi period # 5 Azuchi-Momoyama period # 6 Edo period # 7 Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa periods # 8 Modern architecture I need something easy-ish to build, just one story tall from each period. Something average of the time preferably. Thank you! ;) wth? wikipedia? I've obviously already been there.

What is your favourite style of Architecture ? OR, in an easier context, what style of house would you prefer to live in, if you could choose? For example... modern, gothic, traditional japanese...

Is THE GREAT ONE, Barack Hussein Obama, purposely destroying the dollar? The Demise of the Dollar In a graphic illustration of the new world order, Arab states have launched secret moves with China, Russia and France to stop using the US currency for oil trading By Robert Fisk Tuesday, 6 October 2009 REX Iran announced late last month that its foreign currency reserves would henceforth be held in euros rather than dollars. In the most profound financial change in recent Middle East history, Gulf Arabs are planning – along with China, Russia, Japan and France – to end dollar dealings for oil, moving instead to a basket of currencies including the Japanese yen and Chinese yuan, the euro, gold and a new, unified currency planned for nations in the Gulf Co-operation Council, including Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait and Qatar. Secret meetings have already been held by finance ministers and central bank governors in Russia, China, Japan and Brazil to work on the scheme, which will mean that oil will no longer be priced in dollars. The plans, confirmed to The Independent by both Gulf Arab and Chinese banking sources in Hong Kong, may help to explain the sudden rise in gold prices, but it also augurs an extraordinary transition from dollar markets within nine years. The Americans, who are aware the meetings have taken place – although they have not discovered the details – are sure to fight this international cabal which will include hitherto loyal allies Japan and the Gulf Arabs. Against the background to these currency meetings, Sun Bigan, China's former special envoy to the Middle East, has warned there is a risk of deepening divisions between China and the US over influence and oil in the Middle East. "Bilateral quarrels and clashes are unavoidable," he told the Asia and Africa Review. "We cannot lower vigilance against hostility in the Middle East over energy interests and security." This sounds like a dangerous prediction of a future economic war between the US and China over Middle East oil – yet again turning the region's conflicts into a battle for great power supremacy. China uses more oil incrementally than the US because its growth is less energy efficient. The transitional currency in the move away from dollars, according to Chinese banking sources, may well be gold. An indication of the huge amounts involved can be gained from the wealth of Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar who together hold an estimated $2.1 trillion in dollar reserves. The decline of American economic power linked to the current global recession was implicitly acknowledged by the World Bank president Robert Zoellick. "One of the legacies of this crisis may be a recognition of changed economic power relations," he said in Istanbul ahead of meetings this week of the IMF and World Bank. But it is China's extraordinary new financial power – along with past anger among oil-producing and oil-consuming nations at America's power to interfere in the international financial system – which has prompted the latest discussions involving the Gulf states. Brazil has shown interest in collaborating in non-dollar oil payments, along with India. Indeed, China appears to be the most enthusiastic of all the financial powers involved, not least because of its enormous trade with the Middle East. China imports 60 per cent of its oil, much of it from the Middle East and Russia. The Chinese have oil production concessions in Iraq – blocked by the US until this year – and since 2008 have held an $8bn agreement with Iran to develop refining capacity and gas resources. China has oil deals in Sudan (where it has substituted for US interests) and has been negotiating for oil concessions with Libya, where all such contracts are joint ventures. Furthermore, Chinese exports to the region now account for no fewer than 10 per cent of the imports of every country in the Middle East, including a huge range of products from cars to weapon systems, food, clothes, even dolls. In a clear sign of China's growing financial muscle, the president of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet, yesterday pleaded with Beijing to let the yuan appreciate against a sliding dollar and, by extension, loosen China's reliance on US monetary policy, to help rebalance the world economy and ease upward pressure on the euro. Ever since the Bretton Woods agreements – the accords after the Second World War which bequeathed the architecture for the modern international financial system – America's trading partners have been left to cope with the impact of Washington's control and, in more recent years, the hegemony of the dollar as the dominant global reserve currency. The Chinese believe, for example, that the Americans persuaded Britain to stay out of the euro in order to prevent an earlier move away from the dollar. But Chinese banking sources say their discussions have gone too far to be blocked now. "The Russians will

Need help with Japanese.? I need to write something in Japanese and I'm not sure if I'm using right words and if grammar is correct. Can someone please write this in Japanese. It would be nice if you wrote it in just hiragana, and then again in proper way involving Kanji. I won't be able to read if only Kanji so Hiragana most important. "the French president loved Japan and brought a lot of French culture to it." "The architecture of the city is very modern, but there are also a lot of beautiful gardens." "Even though Japan is very Americanized, most Japanese people do not speak English." "Tokyo is very clean, efficient and safe" "It is very crowded in the afternoon" "Japanese people like to smoke and there are cigarette machines everywhere." "I visited the Tsukiji Fish market and then I went to a summo tournament." "Also, I went to Asakusa and bought souvenirs." "Kyoto is beautiful and peaceful" I know it doesn’t go together well but that’s because I left out stuff that I know how to write. Feel free to change the sentences a bit of they sound better a different way, just make them simple, it’s not supposed to be advanced Japanese. Thank you so much in advance. 10 Stars to whoever can help me. Take care!

How to immerse myself in Japanese culture? I have always love Japan, even as a child. From there feudal architecture to there modern food concepts, I love it all. Unfortunately I don't have enough money to go to Japan although I was hoping there was a website, or string of websites, that would allow me to immerse myself in the Japanese culture. I hope to cover more than just the basics like food, tourist attractions, and stuff like that. I hope to find out what school is like for them, what they see on t.v., government, religion, just day to day life in general. Thanks ahead of time to anyone that reads this and post a reliable answer.